{"id":2334,"date":"2026-10-11T15:10:31","date_gmt":"2026-10-11T15:10:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/?p=2334"},"modified":"2026-10-11T15:11:17","modified_gmt":"2026-10-11T15:11:17","slug":"dan-chu-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/dan-chu-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 L\u00e0 G\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda: generated by ChatGPT<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

C<\/strong>h\u00fang ta nghe ch\u1eef d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/em><\/strong> g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. N\u01b0\u1edbc kia thi\u1ebfu d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kia. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tranh \u0111\u1ea5u cho d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cd\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/em>, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb d\u00f9ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n. C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a<\/em> n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/em> tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n: Quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ai?<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: Thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\u201cD\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Ch\u1eef democracy<\/em> b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p: demos<\/em> l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, kratos<\/em> l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c hay s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb. Hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c, democracy l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, t\u1ea1i Athens, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c hay h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n<\/strong>: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay m\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee9 b\u1ed1n hay n\u0103m n\u0103m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u00e1o ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh c\u1eed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng khai ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00f2a \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ecd khi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng. Qu\u1ed1c gia \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed<\/strong>, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng. L\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf. Anh Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u1ecb ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a li\u00ean bang \u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u1ecb. Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf b\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Canada, \u00dac l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu duy nh\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cd\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n qua nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u1ea1nh tranh<\/strong>. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/strong>, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c nhau<\/strong>, b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau<\/strong>\u00a0 th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nghi\u1ec7p \u0111o\u00e0n, phong tr\u00e0o hay ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng. Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y nghe r\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u n\u0103m trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh. Kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t b\u00ean kia. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thua ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong k\u1ef3 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed sau.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u sinh t\u1eed th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu 51 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a 49 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111a s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c phe thua cu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tin \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n tin. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng hay ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1<\/strong>, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1ea5y, ch\u00ednh \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u00e1p b\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Th\u1eadt ra, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: Kh\u00f4ng ai lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fang. <\/strong>M\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai. \u0110a s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai n\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra sai l\u1ea7m, tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u tra m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 tham nh\u0169ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ki\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n ra t\u00f2a. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng, c\u1eed tri c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 thay ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m<\/strong>. M\u00e0 l\u00e0: D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa sai l\u1ea7m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed3n \u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tranh lu\u1eadn. B\u00e1o ch\u00ed ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i c\u00e3i nhau. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhau. Bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau b\u1ea7u c\u1eed. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed m\u00e0 g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 v\u1ebb tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ai.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t nhanh. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y sai<\/strong>. Ai s\u1ebd n\u00f3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ta sai? M\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 d\u00e1m n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng khai ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u00f4ng ta b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. S\u1ef1 \u1ed3n \u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. N\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham nh\u0169ng, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb k\u00e9m, b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, chia r\u1ebd v\u00e0 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf r\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 x\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n hay doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n. Mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u0169a th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng khi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: L\u00e0m sao ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean khi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng g\u00e2y h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn? <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n: l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111i l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 cho ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/strong> M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u00e3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, tri th\u1ee9c, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn ra sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh mang t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a World Bank v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia thu nh\u1eadp cao v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2045 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf<\/strong> v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/strong> Khi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang h\u1ebft hay t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi sai l\u1ea7m. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nghe, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n sai ph\u1ea1m, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i th\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda sai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00e1ng mong mu\u1ed1n; ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean.<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u201cc\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0: Kh\u00f4ng<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf tham nh\u0169ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u00fay, tin gi\u1ea3, chia r\u1ebd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay l\u00f2ng \u00edch k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra suy tho\u00e1i. M\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea7u ra nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i hay th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u1eady, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y b\u1ea7u c\u1eed. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng phe m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i khi m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1m K\u1ebft: D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u1eef d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/em> tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn. N\u00f3 g\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng, b\u1ea7u c\u1eed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf t\u1ea7ng s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb:<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. <\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y gi\u00e0u. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. M\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Bao gi\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7? <\/em>C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n:<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai ch\u1ec9 ra v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tu\u00e2n theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, hay ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho s\u1eb5n?<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng: quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u1eb1m \u1edf tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee9a r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang. <\/strong>N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n: Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay cho h\u1ecd.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec sao d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 quan tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00f3 Th\u01b0\u1eddng D\u00e2n<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

S\u00e1ch v\u00e0 T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ecdc Th\u00eam<\/strong><\/p>\n

Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America<\/em> (1835\u20131840).<\/strong> M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n

Robert A. Dahl, On Democracy<\/em> (1998).<\/strong> M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7: d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Amartya Sen, Development as Freedom<\/em> (1999).<\/strong> M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n: ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Daron Acemoglu & James A. Robinson, Why Nations Fail<\/em> (2012).<\/strong> Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf bao dung trong s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

Larry Diamond, The Spirit of Democracy<\/em> (2008).<\/strong> M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u00fap d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Steven Levitsky & Daniel Ziblatt, How Democracies Die<\/em> (2018).<\/strong> M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh; n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c qua b\u1ea7u c\u1eed.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \"\"\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":2335,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[130,85,99],"tags":[156,158],"class_list":["post-2334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-democracy-101","category-current-issue","category-essay","tag-democracy-101","tag-pho-thuong-dan"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":8}},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2334","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2334"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2334\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2470,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2334\/revisions\/2470"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2335"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2334"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2334"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2334"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}