{"id":2129,"date":"2026-08-28T20:17:26","date_gmt":"2026-08-28T20:17:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/?p=2129"},"modified":"2026-08-30T13:03:06","modified_gmt":"2026-08-30T13:03:06","slug":"nguoi-cong-dan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/nguoi-cong-dan\/","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng D\u00e2n"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"T<\/strong>\u00f4i v\u1eabn nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t c\u1eed tri b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng phi\u1ebfu trong m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ea1i Fairfax County, Virginia.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0 c\u1ee5 t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c tr\u1eafng, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng. Sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu, b\u00e0 \u00a0quay sang nh\u00ecn t\u00f4i, m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ed7 nh\u1eb9 l\u00ean vai t\u00f4i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

“T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed n\u00e0o t\u1eeb n\u0103m m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.”<\/p>\n

B\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp: \u201cI am ninety now. Thank you for volunteering and making democracy work!\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i m\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o. B\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i m\u00ecnh b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho ai. \u0110i\u1ec1u b\u00e0 c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tham gia th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1ea5y su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m. V\u00e0 b\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m \u01a1n t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t , \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/em><\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i suy ngh\u0129 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Sau bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 1975, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n, hay \u201cboat people\u201d – m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3. T\u00f4i mang trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u00ean n\u00e0o. T\u00f4i b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu \u1edf M\u1ef9 trong khi v\u1eabn d\u00f5i theo t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u00f4i suy ngh\u0129, vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t trong khi s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfng Anh. Ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u1edf gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do, t\u1ef1 do nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t k\u00fd \u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0a l\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. S\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp theo: m\u1ed9t khi c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi n\u00f3? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, theo t\u00f4i, n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n<\/em>.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m nay, n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 b\u01b0\u1edbc sang n\u0103m th\u1ee9 250 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0ng quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed m\u00e0 b\u00e0 c\u1ee5 kia \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o, quy\u1ec1n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1965 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111i b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1920. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c \u00c1, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfm. N\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao t\u1eb7ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, t\u1eebng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ca ng\u1ee3i n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 sao ch\u00e9p. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/em>, quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/em>. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, d\u00f9 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n<\/em> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Washington. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng phi\u1ebfu, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 c\u1ee5 ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i v\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng phi\u1ebfu trong m\u1ed7i k\u1ef3 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1ea3y th\u1eadp ni\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, d\u00f9 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra \u1edf nhau r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban ph\u00e1t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y v\u00e0 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Quang D\u0169ng<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, 1975 Magazine<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, d\u00f9 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra \u1edf nhau r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban ph\u00e1t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y v\u00e0 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2133,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[111,99],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2129","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-editorial","category-essay"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":7}},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2129","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2129"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2129\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2319,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2129\/revisions\/2319"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2133"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2129"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2129"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2129"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}