{"id":1986,"date":"2026-06-19T11:11:28","date_gmt":"2026-06-19T11:11:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/?p=1986"},"modified":"2026-06-20T02:36:04","modified_gmt":"2026-06-20T02:36:04","slug":"bai-hoc-tu-250-nam-hoa-ky-nhin-nguoi-nghi-lai-minh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/bai-hoc-tu-250-nam-hoa-ky-nhin-nguoi-nghi-lai-minh\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e0i H\u1ecdc t\u1eeb 250 N\u0103m Hoa K\u1ef3: Nh\u00ecn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngh\u0129 L\u1ea1i M\u00ecnh"},"content":{"rendered":"

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”<\/em><\/span> – Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp Hoa K\u1ef3, ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1776<\/span><\/p>\n

Hoa K\u1ef3: Ng\u00e0y Sinh Nh\u1eadt Th\u1ee9 250<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2026, Hoa K\u1ef3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 250 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Semiquincentennial<\/em>, hay K\u1ef7 Ni\u1ec7m Hai Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 R\u01b0\u1ee1i. Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Hoa K\u1ef3, t\u1eeb Philadelphia, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd t\u00ean v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ebfn Washington D.C., \u0111\u1ebfn Los Angeles, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Trung T\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111ang t\u01b0ng b\u1eebng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y, trong c\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t M\u1ef9, l\u00f2ng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00f3 t\u1ea3. B\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u0103m 1982, gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u1edbi hai b\u00e0n tay tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng ti\u1ebfng Anh \u00edt \u1ecfi: T\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n, nh\u1eefng boat people<\/em>, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sau l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00ecm t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n

H\u00f4m nay, khi n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 tr\u00f2n 250 tu\u1ed5i, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n I: T\u1ea1i Sao Hoa K\u1ef3 C\u00f3 Th\u1ec3 Tr\u1edf Th\u00e0nh C\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi Trong Th\u1eddi Gian Ng\u1eafn \u0110\u1ebfn V\u1eady?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i m\u1ed7i khi nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u201ct\u1ef1 h\u00e0o\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 4000 n\u0103m v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (under-developed country)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

1. N\u1ec1n T\u1ea3ng T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng: Khi M\u1ed9t V\u0103n B\u1ea3n Thay \u0110\u1ed5i L\u1ecbch S\u1eed<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

N\u0103m 1776, Hoa K\u1ef3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i: h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chinh ph\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/em>. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi l\u1ebd s\u00e1o r\u1ed7ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Daron Acemoglu v\u00e0 James Robinson, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Why Nations Fail<\/em> (T\u1ea1i Sao C\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c Gia Th\u1ea5t B\u1ea1i), l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 ngay t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 – r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 – \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kinh doanh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u0103m 1787, v\u1edbi Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n Nh\u00e2n Quy\u1ec1n g\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi Tu Ch\u00ednh \u00c1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd phi th\u01b0\u1eddng: b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp. Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Tufts nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh. Trong khi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00ec Hoa K\u1ef3 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

2. L\u1ee3i Th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ecba L\u00fd: M\u1ed9t L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ecba Nh\u01b0 M\u1ed9t Ph\u00e1o \u0110\u00e0i T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00cdt ai \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1. N\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi hai n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb (Canada v\u00e0 Mexico), kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng, Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n

Trong khi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, trong khi Anh ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ed3n to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2u t\u00f3m, Florida, Texas, California, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y ra \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m\u00a0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

3. C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p: Khi T\u00e0i Nguy\u00ean G\u1eb7p Thi\u00ean T\u00e0i<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, qua m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3 Anh Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 Andrew Carnegie trong ng\u00e0nh th\u00e9p, John D. Rockefeller trong ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, v\u00e0 Henry Ford trong ng\u00e0nh \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf quy m\u00f4 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y. Ford kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4, \u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t<\/em>, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean hay v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng m\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/em>. “Gi\u1ea5c M\u01a1 M\u1ef9” hay American Dream<\/em>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u r\u1ed7ng tu\u1ebfch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa nh\u1edd \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

4. L\u00e0n S\u00f3ng Di D\u00e2n: B\u1ed9 M\u00e1y Nh\u00e2n L\u1ef1c C\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn B\u1ed9<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Fortune<\/em>, trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u00e2n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 250 n\u0103m Hoa K\u1ef3 (th\u00e1ng 5\/2026), \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng trong su\u1ed1t 250 n\u0103m, sau nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ai n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00ednh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh “n\u1ed3i th\u1eadp c\u1ea9m” M\u1ef9 (melting pot<\/em>), kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, m\u00e0 qua tranh lu\u1eadn, qua c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 qua cam k\u1ebft c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n chung. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 qua Ellis Island, New York kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

Nikola Tesla, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Serbia, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u. Albert Einstein, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n g\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ee9c, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t M\u1ef9. Sergey Brin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga di d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Google. Elon Musk, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Nam Phi, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Tesla v\u00e0 SpaceX. V\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang ta, d\u00f9 \u1edf quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc, y t\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 kinh doanh.<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Tufts cho th\u1ea5y Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1eeba l\u1edbn, v\u1eeba tr\u1ebb, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n cao. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 ba v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4, th\u1ee9 hai v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ebb trung, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t t\u00ednh theo s\u1ed1 n\u0103m h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng duy nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

5. Hai Cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn Tranh Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi: L\u1ecbch S\u1eed \u01afu \u00c1i Hoa K\u1ef3<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111au x\u00f3t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn: hai cu\u1ed9c Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea9y Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh cao quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trong khi Anh, Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1945, Hoa K\u1ef3, nh\u1edd l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u00e9m bom, nh\u1edd n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn tranh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Hoa K\u1ef3 sau Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn II \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u201cki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.\u201d H\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi: Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c, NATO, Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi, Qu\u1ef9 Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Bretton Woods v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/em>, v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

6. \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7: T\u1eeb Silicon Valley \u0110\u1ebfn Cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng AI<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1edbi 5% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Hoa K\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfm 25% t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, 35% s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 40% chi ti\u00eau qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n 600 trong s\u1ed1 2.000 c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 50 trong s\u1ed1 100 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Silicon Valley, m\u1ed9t thung l\u0169ng nh\u1ecf \u1edf California, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Apple, Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Meta, nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (Artificial Intelligence) hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 Anthropic, OpenAI, NVIDIA, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa do Hoa K\u1ef3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u00f3c s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m (venture capital<\/em>) ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro \u1edf quy m\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec v\u0103n h\u00f3a M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng coi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc: “Fail fast, learn faster” l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Thung L\u0169ng Silicon.<\/strong><\/p>\n

7. S\u1ee9c M\u1ea1nh M\u1ec1m: V\u0103n H\u00f3a Nh\u01b0 M\u1ed9t V\u0169 Kh\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Hollywood, nh\u1ea1c jazz, rock and roll, McDonald’s, Levi’s, Harvard, CNN, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a” (cultural imperialism), nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ec1m<\/em> c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Phim M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Ti\u1ebfng Anh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, mang l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf giao ti\u1ebfp kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3: Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu<\/em>. H\u00ecnh m\u1eabu r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nhau m\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/em>, m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n II: Nh\u00ecn L\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam: Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf V\u00e0 Th\u1eb3ng Th\u1eafn<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

T\u00f4i vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi n\u1ed7i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con xa x\u1ee9, v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau d\u00e0nh cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng trung th\u1ef1c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u0110i\u1ec1u Th\u1ea7n K\u1ef3 Kinh T\u1ebf v\u00e0 Nh\u1eefng Gi\u1edbi H\u1ea1n C\u1ee7a N\u00f3<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong ba th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 b\u1edfi chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eadp trung sai l\u1ea7m, Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi (1986) \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c1.<\/p>\n

Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi, GDP Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd 8% trong n\u0103m 2025, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nhu c\u1ea7u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u0103m 2025, GDP Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 514 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la (danh ngh\u0129a) v\u00e0 1.81 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la (theo s\u1ee9c mua t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng PPP). Thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 5.000 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, \u0111\u01b0a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00ean nh\u00f3m thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh cao. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2020 \u0111\u1ebfn 2025, kinh t\u1ebf t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 346 t\u1ef7 l\u00ean 510 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la, m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n \u201ckinh t\u1ebf m\u1edf\u201d nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i tr\u00ean GDP g\u1ea7n 170%. Xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, d\u1ec7t may, gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p, th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0a Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft x\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng trong chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n th\u00ec b\u1ee9c tranh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> Theo ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a East Asia Forum, trong n\u0103m 2025, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 72% t\u1ed5ng kim ng\u1ea1ch xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 “c\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eafp r\u00e1p” cho Samsung, Intel, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p. Khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y r\u00fat \u0111i, v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00ec chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng, hay v\u00ec th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n, Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kinh t\u1ebf l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111ang c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t:<\/strong> East Asia Forum c\u0169ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111ang c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi. Khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, v\u1eabn thi\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 b\u1ecb k\u1eb9p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p FDI trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf ba t\u1ea7ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ee3 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh:<\/strong> Sau s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a SCB (Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng TMCP S\u00e0i G\u00f2n), ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 n\u0103m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf VN \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng 10% tr\u1edf l\u00ean cho n\u0103m 2026, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia kinh t\u1ebf cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o m\u1ee9c 6.8%, OECD d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o kho\u1ea3ng 6%. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u00a0l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m Minh Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u00f4, ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng “b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh” (middle-income trap) (1)<\/em><\/p>\n

(Xin xem th\u00eam ch\u00fa th\u00edch (1) \u1edf cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i<\/em>)<\/p>\n

\u00a02. <\/strong>V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb: \u0110i\u1ec1u Kh\u00f4ng Th\u1ec3 Kh\u00f4ng N\u00f3i<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam:<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng, do \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Freedom House trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o Freedom in the World 2026<\/em> x\u1ebfp Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m “Kh\u00f4ng T\u1ef1 Do” v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 20\/100, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Human Rights Watch trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o World Report 2026<\/em> ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp, \u0111i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

T\u00f9 nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb:<\/strong> N\u0103m 2025, Vi\u1ec7t Nam giam gi\u1eef h\u01a1n 160 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1eaft gi\u1eef \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 40 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. C\u00e1c t\u00f2a \u00e1n do \u0110\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c k\u1ebft \u00e1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u00e1n t\u00f9 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed:<\/strong> T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ph\u00f3ng Vi\u00ean Kh\u00f4ng Bi\u00ean Gi\u1edbi (RSF) x\u1ebfp Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ea1ng 174\/180 qu\u1ed1c gia trong Ch\u1ec9 S\u1ed1 T\u1ef1 Do B\u00e1o Ch\u00ed Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi 2026, g\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i b\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng cu\u1ed1i b\u1ea3ng trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. B\u00e1o ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 blogger th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt An Ninh M\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t internet:<\/strong> Lu\u1eadt An Ninh M\u1ea1ng 2019 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 giao n\u1ed9p khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. “L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 47” (m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 an ninh m\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi 10.000 “chi\u1ebfn binh m\u1ea1ng”) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp:<\/strong> T\u00f2a \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng. C\u00e1c b\u1ecb c\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i quy\u1ec1n x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t tu\u1ea7n tra internet v\u00e0 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n b\u1eaft gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

3. N\u1ea1n Tham Nh\u0169ng: Ung Nh\u1ecdt Kh\u00f4ng Th\u1ec3 B\u1ee9ng G\u1ed1c B\u1eb1ng Chi\u1ebfn D\u1ecbch \u0110\u1ed1t L\u00f2<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Tham nh\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c gia nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u1ec9 S\u1ed1 Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c Tham Nh\u0169ng (CPI) c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 Ch\u1ee9c Minh B\u1ea1ch Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf n\u0103m 2024 cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam 40\/100 \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p, x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng 88 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch “\u0111\u1ed1t l\u00f2” ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng CSVN \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p cao ra x\u00e9t x\u1eed, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho ph\u00e9p tham nh\u0169ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 v\u1eafng b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb b\u00f3p ngh\u1eb9t v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Tham nh\u0169ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, y t\u1ebf, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eabn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California cho th\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i: n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng lo s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea7u T\u01b0 2025 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i Giao M\u1ef9 ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p M\u1ef9 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c gia h\u1ea1n gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

4. Ti\u1ec1m N\u0103ng V\u00e0 Hy V\u1ecdng: Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00f3 Th\u1ec3 Ti\u1ebfn Xa H\u01a1n Kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Sau t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111au l\u00f2ng tr\u00ean, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng ng\u00e2y th\u01a1, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

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Saigon ng\u00e0y nay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Image by Quang Nguyen Vinh @pexel<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> V\u1edbi h\u01a1n 102 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1ed1t, am hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p cao.<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong> N\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n d\u00e0i 3.260 km v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a c\u1ef1c khi c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch:<\/strong> Ngh\u1ecb Quy\u1ebft 68 (th\u00e1ng 5\/2025) c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd: \u0111\u1eb7t khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng “qu\u00e1n qu\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia” hay nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sa v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u00e8 \u0111\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u201cVi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u\u201d:<\/strong> C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, kho\u1ea3ng 6 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n 2 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m, kinh nghi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 16-19 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la. N\u1ebfu Vi\u1ec7t Nam bi\u1ebft t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng minh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 khi Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> T\u1ef1 Do<\/em><\/strong>. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 do nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1: t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 v\u00e0 21, t\u1eeb H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, Singapore cho \u0111\u1ebfn Ba Lan, Estonia, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb song song v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do h\u00f3a kinh t\u1ebf. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1ea3 quan trong \u0111o\u1ea3n k\u1ef3, lu\u00f4n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 khai ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc Paul Krugman t\u1eebng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 r\u1eb1ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u201c\u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u00eam lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ebd c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t<\/em>. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n III: Nh\u00ecn V\u1ec1 T\u01b0\u01a1ng Lai – B\u00e0i H\u1ecdc T\u1eeb 250 N\u0103m Hoa K\u1ef3<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Trong 44 n\u0103m s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t M\u1ef9, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0\u00a0 ti\u1ebfng Anh hay c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"Hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai qu\u1ed1c Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o: r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong t\u1ef1 do, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed 250 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng: khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do suy ngh\u0129, t\u1ef1 do s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng T\u1ef1 Do<\/em> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. T\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n (rule of law), tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh (accountability), v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1eabn nhau (mutual respect).<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ba kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, rule of law, accountability, mutual respect,<\/em> th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ba n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd: ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n<\/em> \u0111\u1eb7t ra khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh<\/em> b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1eabn nhau <\/em>l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i gi\u1eef cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 do cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y, theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n xin ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n

Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed 250 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft nh\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a: ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u00f4m nay. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m t\u00f4i k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Hoa K\u1ef3 cho ph\u00e9p<\/em> nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, cho ph\u00e9p<\/em> s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, cho ph\u00e9p<\/em> s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/strong>. Rosa Parks c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Martin Luther King c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft b\u1ecf t\u00f9. B\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 phanh phui Watergate v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7: kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tin r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u1eb1m \u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng minh. Kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c. Kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean. \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi K\u1ebft: Bi\u1ebft \u01a0n v\u00e0 Hy V\u1ecdng<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1982, t\u00f4i c\u00f2n nh\u1edb, nh\u01b0 m\u1edbi v\u1eeba h\u00f4m qua<\/em>, nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t M\u1ef9, ti\u1ebfng Anh nghe v\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u01a1 m\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e1i xe, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang th\u1edf kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2026, t\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 trong ng\u00e0y 250 n\u0103m sinh nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0u mang m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi s\u00e1o r\u1ed7ng, m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u01a1i t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

\"\"Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00ec n\u00f3 tin v\u00e0o \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/em> r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do. V\u00e0 v\u00ec 250 n\u0103m qua, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng bi\u1ebfn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam? T\u00f4i v\u1eabn y\u00eau Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd phai. T\u00f4i y\u00eau ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t qua ng\u00e0n n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt: Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean x\u1ee9ng t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong t\u1ef1 do th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 tin r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong>. V\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadc.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u1eabn d\u00e0nh cho qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh: qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam T\u1ef1 Do.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Quang D\u0169ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2026, nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 250 n\u0103m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Hoa K\u1ef3 (4\/7\/1776 \u2013 4\/7\/2026).<\/em><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00fa th\u00edch (1): “B\u1eaby Thu Nh\u1eadp Trung B\u00ecnh” L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh” (middle-income trap<\/em>) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t ra t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2006, di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u1ea3i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp cao. Con s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng lo: trong s\u1ed1 101 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1960, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 13 n\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00ean nh\u00f3m thu nh\u1eadp cao v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008. RMIT University<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao \u201cb\u1eaby\u201d n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh hi\u1ebfm khi l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00fa ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n mang t\u00ednh c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u1ed1n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nhanh. Nh\u01b0ng khi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n sang tri th\u1ee9c, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf. RMIT University<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n: khi ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac cao h\u01a1n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t \u1edf gi\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u1eafp r\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t \u00edt li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh \u1ea3o v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. The Interpreter<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Chi ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (Research & Development) n\u0103m 2021 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t 0.42% GDP, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (4.91%), Hoa K\u1ef3 (3.48%) v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (3.28%). RMIT University<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t \u1edf m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang thu h\u1eb9p d\u1ea7n. R\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng qua t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf. Vietnamnet<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Ai tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh (middle-income trap)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n Tham Kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. org<\/strong> \u2014 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3 cho L\u1ec5 K\u1ef7 Ni\u1ec7m B\u00e1n Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7: https:\/\/america250.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Acemoglu, D. & Robinson, J.<\/strong> \u2014 Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty<\/em> (2012). Crown Business. (Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn qua Goodreads Notes).<\/li>\n
  3. Tufts University \u2014 Tufts Now<\/strong> (2019) \u2014 “Why the United States Is the Only Superpower”<\/em>: https:\/\/now.tufts.edu\/2019\/11\/21\/why-united-states-only-superpower<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Fortune Magazine<\/strong> (th\u00e1ng 5\/2026) \u2014 “America at 250: Immigration and the Making of an Innovative Nation”<\/em>: https:\/\/fortune.com\/2026\/05\/01\/america-at-250-immigration-and-the-making-of-an-innovative-nation\/<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. Diplomatic Watch<\/strong> (th\u00e1ng 2\/2025) \u2014 “The Rise of America: How the U.S. Became the World’s Dominant Superpower”<\/em>: https:\/\/diplomaticwatch.com\/the-rise-of-america-how-the-u-s-became-the-worlds-dominant-superpower\/<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. World Bank \u2014 Vietnam Overview<\/strong> (2026): https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/ext\/en\/country\/vietnam<\/a>– “GDP grew by a robust 8 percent in 2025… Growth is forecast to moderate to 6.8 percent in 2026.”<\/em><\/li>\n
  7. Wikipedia \u2014 Economy of Vietnam<\/strong> (c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt 2026): https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Vietnam<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. Asialink, University of Melbourne<\/strong> (th\u00e1ng 4\/2026) \u2014 “Can Vietnam’s Powerful New Leadership Deliver Its Development Goals?”<\/em>: https:\/\/asialink.unimelb.edu.au\/diplomacy\/insights\/can-vietnams-powerful-new-leadership-deliver-its-development-goals\/<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. East Asia Forum<\/strong> (th\u00e1ng 12\/2025) \u2014 “Vietnam Confronts the Limits of Its Double-Digit Growth Ambitions”<\/em>: https:\/\/eastasiaforum.org\/2025\/12\/20\/vietnam-confronts-the-limits-of-its-double-digit-growth-ambitions\/<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. East Asia Forum<\/strong> (th\u00e1ng 9\/2025) \u2014 “Vietnam’s Development Model Is Running Out of Road”<\/em>: https:\/\/eastasiaforum.org\/2025\/09\/22\/vietnams-development-model-is-running-out-of-road\/<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. OECD Economic Surveys: Viet Nam 2025<\/strong>: https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/publications\/oecd-economic-surveys-viet-nam-2025_fb37254b-en.html<\/a><\/li>\n
  12. FULCRUM<\/strong> (th\u00e1ng 8\/2025) \u2014 “Grooming New Champions: To Lam Prepares for Private Sector-Led Growth in Vietnam”<\/em>: https:\/\/fulcrum.sg\/grooming-new-champions-to-lam-prepares-for-private-sector-led-growth-in-vietnam\/<\/a><\/li>\n
  13. Human Rights Watch<\/strong> \u2014 World Report 2026: Vietnam<\/em>: https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/world-report\/2026\/country-chapters\/vietnam<\/a><\/li>\n
  14. Human Rights Watch<\/strong> \u2014 World Report 2025: Vietnam<\/em>: https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/world-report\/2025\/country-chapters\/vietnam<\/a><\/li>\n
  15. Freedom House<\/strong> \u2014 Freedom in the World 2026: Vietnam<\/em>: https:\/\/freedomhouse.org\/country\/vietnam<\/a><\/li>\n
  16. Freedom House<\/strong> \u2014 Freedom in the World 2025: Vietnam<\/em>: https:\/\/freedomhouse.org\/country\/vietnam\/freedom-world\/2025<\/a><\/li>\n
  17. Reporters Without Borders (RSF)<\/strong> \u2014 World Press Freedom Index 2026: Vietnam<\/em>, h\u1ea1ng 174\/180: https:\/\/rsf.org\/en\/country\/vietnam<\/a><\/li>\n
  18. The Vietnamese Magazine<\/strong> (th\u00e1ng 4\/2026) \u2014 “Vi\u1ec7t Nam Ranks Last in Southeast Asia: 2026 World Press Freedom Index”<\/em>: https:\/\/thevietnamese.org\/2026\/04\/viet-nam-ranks-last-in-southeast-asia-2026-world-press-freedom-index\/<\/a><\/li>\n
  19. S. Department of State<\/strong> \u2014 2025 Investment Climate Statements: Vietnam<\/em>: https:\/\/www.state.gov\/reports\/2025-investment-climate-statements\/vietnam<\/a><\/li>\n
  20. S. Congress<\/strong> \u2014 Vietnam Human Rights Act<\/em> (H.R.3122, 119th Congress, 2025-2026): https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/119th-congress\/house-bill\/3122\/text<\/a><\/li>\n
  21. Asian Survey, University of California Press<\/strong> (th\u00e1ng 4\/2026) – “Vietnam in 2025: Aspiration Amidst Consolidation”<\/em>: https:\/\/online.ucpress.edu\/as\/article\/66\/2\/262\/217907\/<\/a><\/li>\n
  22. Transparency International<\/strong> – Corruption Perceptions Index 2024: Vietnam<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Nh\u00e2n 250 n\u0103m l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c Hoa K\u1ef3, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do \u2014 v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f4m nay, t\u1eeb kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1987,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[85,99],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-issue","category-essay"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1986","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1986"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1986\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2119,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1986\/revisions\/2119"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1987"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1986"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1986"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1986"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}