{"id":1936,"date":"2026-06-18T18:41:31","date_gmt":"2026-06-18T18:41:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/?p=1936"},"modified":"2026-06-18T18:42:15","modified_gmt":"2026-06-18T18:42:15","slug":"xem-xet-lai-van-de-nuoc-uong-nuoc-dong-chai-nuoc-mua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/xem-xet-lai-van-de-nuoc-uong-nuoc-dong-chai-nuoc-mua\/","title":{"rendered":"Xem X\u00e9t L\u1ea1i V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 N\u01b0\u1edbc U\u1ed1ng , N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f3ng Chai & N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u01b0a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Ph\u1ea7n I .<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111un s\u00f4i, n\u01b0\u1edbc su\u1ed1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft, n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

L\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft<\/u><\/em>: S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u00e1i xem x\u00e9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, bao g\u1ed3m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111un s\u00f4i, n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft, n\u01b0\u1edbc su\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u0103ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 mang t\u00ednh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh t\u1eeb b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c cung c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed sinh th\u00e1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng leo thang. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a sang m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0sinh l\u00fd c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 an to\u00e0n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u201ct\u1ed1t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i\u201d, m\u00e0\u00a0t\u00f9y m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1eefu c\u01a1, v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c men, v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0,\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n: n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111un s\u00f4i, n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft hay n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng?\u201d th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, th\u00f3i quen v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n xem c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

1- N\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\"\"M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0:\u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng tinh khi\u1ebft c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.\u201d N\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t, trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion, hay th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (reverse osmosis – RO). N\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft tuy an to\u00e0n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tinh loc, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh sinh h\u1ecdc. <\/strong>N\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc RO, c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c vi sinh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc.Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea3y sinh khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00f3a \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu u\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i (n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng duy nh\u1ea5t) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3<\/strong>. C\u00f3 v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0m cho \u2026 kh\u00f3 u\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng\u00a0thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t kho\u00e1ng vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00e2m th\u1ea7m<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, trong khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cgi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t\u201d, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n\u00a0c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>\u00a0nh\u01b0 calcium, magnesium, potassium. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u201ctr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng\u201d v\u1ec1 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t, n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh l\u00fd nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ed1i \u0111a tinh khi\u1ebft<\/strong>, m\u00e0 l\u00e0\u00a0c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

2- N\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng: n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00eam kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t. N\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean g\u1ed3m n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc, su\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng vi kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 Calcium, magnesium, kalium v.v\u2026 C\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p th\u00eam c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n chai th\u01b0\u1eddng ghi r\u00f5 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 gia. V\u1ec1 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: Ca, Mg, K\u2026c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng (calcium), tim m\u1ea1ch (magnesium), v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u201ccao c\u1ea5p\u201d h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng sai, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sodium ho\u1eb7c calcium cao, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh th\u1eadn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 cao huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0103n \u00edt h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, v\u00e0 nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u201cmarketing th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng\u201d ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0\u00a0ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ed5 t\u00fac, <\/strong>kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ngu\u1ed3n thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

3- N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111un s\u00f4i: gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111un s\u00f4i<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb v\u00f2i n\u01b0\u1edbc trong nh\u00e0, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un s\u00f4i. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi khu\u1ea9n, virus cho n\u00ean an to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t vi sinh, r\u1ebb, d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111un s\u00f4i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 virus, nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111un s\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan nh\u01b0 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 ch\u00ec, arsenic, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t (ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t \u00edt), v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111un nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111un s\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 an to\u00e0n khi ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ea1ch. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0\u00a0gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u201cgia c\u1ed1\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cc\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

4- L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 \u2026c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

T\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • N\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y:<\/strong>\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111un s\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n
  • N\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed5 t\u00fac:<\/strong>\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n
  • Tr\u00e1nh c\u1ef1c \u0111oan:<\/strong>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i:\u201cNgu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady hay kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    5- Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ed5 t\u00fac c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    N\u1ebfu nghi ng\u1edd n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a vi khu\u1ea9n, virus, c\u1ea7n \u0111un s\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

    N\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9a kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng (ch\u00ec, arsenic), c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i khi \u0111un, do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u1ecdc\u2192 c\u1ea7n l\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

    \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng tinh khi\u1ebft c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t\u201d: Sai, v\u00ec c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng lu\u00f4n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\u201d: Sai, qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

    \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111un s\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7\u201d: Sai, v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u00f9ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n: c\u00f3 m\u00f9i l\u1ea1 (kim lo\u1ea1i, clo n\u1eb7ng) – \u0111\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 c\u1eb7n – u\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu ti\u00eau h\u00f3a. Khi nghi ng\u1edd,\u00a0kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111un s\u00f4i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00ean d\u00f9ng 70\u201380% n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111un s\u00f4i hay l\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 20\u201330% n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng nh\u1eb9. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 tinh khi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    6- K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn – V\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u1ede nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb v\u00f2i; v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111un s\u00f4i, l\u1ecdc, ho\u1eb7c mua n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m. <\/strong>Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0an to\u00e0n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    V\u00e0 s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n minh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng khi u\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ly n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong> t\u1eeb v\u00f2i n\u01b0\u1edbc trong nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

    Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng tinh khi\u1ebft c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang. C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201ctr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng\u201d, m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n\u00a0c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 kho\u00e1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u1ef1c \u0111oan:\u201cCh\u1ec9 n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t\u201d.<\/p>\n

    Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u201ct\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i\u201d. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, d\u00f9ng\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111un s\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n. V\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng l\u1ea5y\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng cho ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/em><\/strong>Ph\u1ea7n II .<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

    N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai \u2013 T\u1eeb Ti\u1ec7n Nghi C\u00e1 Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

    Trong v\u00e0i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 cho th\u1ea5y hai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p nhau \u1edf nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

    \u00a01- <\/strong>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd – Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    \"\"T\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi\u00a0FDA, trong khi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y (n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 – tap water) thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a\u00a0EPA. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o l\u1eabn nhau. C\u00f3 \u201ckhe h\u1edf\u201d l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cthanh l\u1ecdc!\u201d l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

    T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1\u00a0B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u201d l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0\u2026 b\u1ecf ng\u1ecf! Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00ec c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb c\u00f2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. V\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng b\u00ecnh t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u1ec7 sinh.<\/p>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0: C\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa\u00a0ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    2- Ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u201c\u1ea2o t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01b0\u1edbc cao c\u1ea5p\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    T\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao c\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0\u201cpremium illusion\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 cao \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

    T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • N\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3ng b\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
    • N\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean th\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n\u201d t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i song song.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu minh b\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

      3- T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng – C\u00e1i gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      Theo\u00a0LHQ, r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 chai n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay. Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00e1c nh\u1ef1a kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n nh\u1ef1a\/n\u0103m cho k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ea7y, d\u00f9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

      T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n do t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf th\u1ea5p, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu gom ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, v\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch d\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a t\u00e1i sinh.<\/p>\n

      4- Vi nh\u1ef1a: M\u1ed9t nguy c\u01a1 th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a (microplastics). D\u00f9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i h\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh r\u1ee7i ro s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

      5- Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      So s\u00e1nh hai qu\u1ed1c gia cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd th\u00fa v\u1ecb:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Hoa K\u1ef3: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y an to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u1eabn ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai.<\/li>\n
      • Vi\u1ec7t Nam: nhu c\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai cao do thi\u1ebfu ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a \u201cnh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        6- H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n,<\/em><\/strong> thi\u1ebft ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u1ee3p l\u00fd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u. Khi \u0111i du l\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng xe, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n, hay hotel\u2026n\u1ebfu \u1edf M\u1ef9, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y l\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i nh\u1ee9t (kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Vi\u1ec7t Nam). V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean QA\/QC v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7m ch\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vi khu\u1ea9n, si\u00eau vi khu\u1ea9n nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 E-Coli., c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt l\u00fd, kim lo\u1ea1i, ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u r\u1ea7y, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v.v\u2026V\u00e0 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ni\u00eam y\u1ebft \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tr\u00ean website.<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, <\/em><\/strong>thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129 c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai sau m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee3t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ea3 \u1edf M\u1ef9 l\u1eabn Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 5 n\u0103m, phong tr\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cTh\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2013 Reverse Osmosis\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Bellaire v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00f2i \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y\u201d ch\u1ea3y xuy\u00ean qua m\u1ed9t \u201cb\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c!\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh 5 gallon\u2026 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chi ph\u00ed r\u1ea5t r\u1ebb!<\/p>\n

        Xin th\u01b0a, EPA \u0111\u00e3 ra th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n v\u1ec7 sinh n\u01b0\u1edbc cho lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ea7y. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Minh b\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai;<\/li>\n
        • H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n;<\/li>\n
        • \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          7- K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

          V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc hay kh\u00f4ng\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng hay kh\u00f4ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

          V\u00e0 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • M\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1edfi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh c\u00f3, m\u00e0 b\u1edfi cung c\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 mang ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n.<\/li>\n
          • V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 l\u00e0\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
          • X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111o b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 chai n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1n ra, m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb v\u00f2i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng lo s\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n suy ngh\u0129<\/strong>.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            T\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra c\u00e1c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u0103n b\u1ea3n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

            – N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc, hay n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111un s\u00f4i\u2026, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc duy nh\u1ea5t<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.\u201d<\/p>\n

            – Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n nh\u1ecf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, thi\u1ebfu minh b\u1ea1ch. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m ni\u1ec1m tin x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

            – Ni\u1ec1m tin x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tin r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

            – Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7<\/p>\n

            – T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a an ninh ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, m\u00e0 \u1edf vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a \u2013 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m \u2013 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u2013 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u minh b\u1ea1ch. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u1edbi kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/p>\n

            T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

            N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

            C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra ba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng<\/li>\n
            • Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n
            • S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              V\u00e0 s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 khi ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u201cc\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a r\u1ee7i ro\u201d h\u01a1n.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

              \"\"<\/p>\n

              Ph\u1ea7n III.<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

              N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc “u\u1ed1ng” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? <\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

              L\u1eddi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ebft<\/span><\/u><\/em>: Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a, v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ee9c 2.000 mm. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1edf h\u1eefu ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 an ninh ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, bao g\u1ed3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, suy gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 sinh ho\u1ea1t. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a, v\u1ed1n theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tinh khi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng do \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c tham kh\u1ea3o kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft g\u00f3p v\u00e0i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 an ninh ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p; trong \u0111\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, song h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

              ***<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

              C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

              Trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, tinh khi\u1ebft, thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay, khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u201cd\u01a1\u201d n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean\u2026nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc bay h\u01a1i, ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

              Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1edbi trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 1.800 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean 2.500 mm, t\u00f9y theo v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt.<\/em><\/p>\n

              Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 trong khi s\u1edf h\u1eefu ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n. N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a, v\u1ed1n t\u1eebng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh trong sinh ho\u1ea1t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nay b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng<\/em><\/strong>.<\/strong> Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft trong ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

              V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh qua\u00a0chu tr\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n, s\u00f4ng, h\u1ed3 r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh m\u00e2y v\u00e0 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bay h\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn mu\u1ed1i kho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e9t ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean\u201d, s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho sinh ho\u1ea1t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

              Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ngay khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u01a1i t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tinh khi\u1ebft ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee9a b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn, kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 SO\u2082, NOx, c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0m\u01b0a axit, khi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 mang theo c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

              Kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu gom qua m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, n\u01a1i t\u00edch t\u1ee5 b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n, ph\u00e2n chim, l\u00e1 m\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb m\u00e1i t\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3i ami\u0103ng t\u1eeb m\u00e1i fibro xi m\u0103ng. Khi ch\u1ea3y qua nh\u1eefng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m th\u00eam vi khu\u1ea9n, ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eef trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eed hay thanh l\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m vi sinh nh\u01b0 E. coli ho\u1eb7c rong r\u00eau\u2026<\/p>\n

              Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thanh l\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111i qua. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean s\u01a1, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0103n u\u1ed1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng qua x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

              Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7t ra h\u00f4m nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ea1ch hay kh\u00f4ng trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0: \u201cLi\u1ec7u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc an to\u00e0n hay kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

              V\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Vi\u1ec7t Nam cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thanh l\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

              1- Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201ct\u1eeb tr\u1eddi\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

              \"\"Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a ch\u1ec9 mang theo h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5. Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a nhanh, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m\u201d ngay t\u1eeb khi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

              T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee9a b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn (PM2.5 \u2013 Particulate Matter 2.5 \u00b5g), kh\u00ed SO\u2082, NOx v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 bay h\u01a1i. Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t dung m\u00f4i h\u00f2a tan \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

              Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, trong khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u01b0a axit. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 pH. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

              2- Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m x\u1ea5u \u0111i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

              \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb kh\u00ed tr\u1eddi, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu gom qua m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9a. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d sang \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

              M\u00e1i nh\u00e0, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thu n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u00edch t\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i li ti (PM2.5) trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, b\u1ee5i do xe c\u1ed9 di chuy\u1ec3n, do ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 chim ch\u00f3c, vi sinh v\u1eadt, do l\u00e1 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, do x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v.v.Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a ch\u1ea3y qua c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m vi sinh v\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u01b0 E. coli.<\/p>\n

              Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

              3- Vi\u1ec7t Nam – M\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u00e0u m\u01b0a nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb m\u01b0a<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

              Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a trung b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean 2.000 mm m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7:<\/p>\n

              M\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

              \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
              • Th\u1ee9 hai, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu gom n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a thi\u1ebfu ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
              • Th\u1ee9 ba, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                4- N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

                \"\"Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng sang ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu gom n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qua vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n thanh l\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

                \u0110i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

                5- N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

                N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o sinh th\u00e1i quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng hay m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. Ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. S\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 quy ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

                Hay n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c:\u201d N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh\u201d ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

                6- N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a v\u00e0 an ninh n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

                Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, an ninh n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng h\u1ed3 hay n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m. N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a, v\u1edbi tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o an ninh n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

                Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a hay kh\u00f4ng\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0:\u201d L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng?\u201d<\/p>\n

                V\u00ec v\u1eady:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t,\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a s\u1ea1ch n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/li>\n
                • Th\u1ee9 hai,\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n
                • Th\u1ee9 ba,\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 an ninh n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ebfu b\u1ecf qua n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/li>\n
                • V\u00e0, th\u1ee9 t\u01b0,\u00a0qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  7- K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

                  N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tinh khi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

                  N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh an to\u00e0n, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c gia, l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

                  Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, v\u00e0 khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, m\u1ecdi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean mong manh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

                  Do \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u201ccai qu\u1ea3n\u201d \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                  Khi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi\u201d, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a b\u1ecb axit h\u00f3a, nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, giao th\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i cao, v\u00e0 quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

                  Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb;<\/li>\n
                  • Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 tin t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh;<\/li>\n
                  • Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 an ninh n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a, m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean l\u1edbn, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0, trong khi nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu gom v\u00e0 thanh l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 quan tr\u1ecdng, th\u00ec t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a v\u1eabn mang t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t, thi\u1ebfu ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecf ng\u1ecf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

                    T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p mang t\u00ednh c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o:<\/p>\n

                    Ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi\u201d, ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu trung th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

                    N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a s\u1ea1ch. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh, th\u00ec m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                    N\u1ebfu Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a, g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd gia t\u0103ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu s\u1ebd b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

                    Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1ec1 an ninh n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

                    N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb, ba h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 mang t\u00ednh d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gia t\u0103ng:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. Suy tho\u00e1i ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m;<\/li>\n
                    2. Gia t\u0103ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed, thanh l\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n;<\/li>\n
                    3. Suy gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e0u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, th\u00ec t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra an ninh n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. V\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                      Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ch\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng cho an ninh n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c gia trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI.<\/p>\n

                      TS Mai Thanh Truy\u1ebft<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

                      Houston \u2013 Th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 – 2026<\/em><\/p>\n

                      \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                      ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111un s\u00f4i, n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft, n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a \u2014 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t? TS Mai Thanh Truy\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1937,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[85,126,101],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1936","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-issue","category-life-society","category-science-technology"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1936","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1936"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1936\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2064,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1936\/revisions\/2064"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1937"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1936"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1936"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1936"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}