![\"\"](\"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/vietnam-development-300x164.jpg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
T<\/strong>\u1eeb h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m qua, CSVN \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201c\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf\u201d l\u1ea7n 2, v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 cao, nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ck\u1ef9 nguy\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00ecnh\u201d, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai 20 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n VN h\u00f4 h\u00e0o vang d\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi l\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, trong \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u1edbi, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a VN t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7n nay, l\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (developed country), c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp cao.<\/p>\n Qua c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201c\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d l\u1ea7n 2 g\u1ed3m hai ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e1nh, th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/em> l\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, th\u1ee9 hai<\/em> l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1eeb sau \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u1edbi nay, VN c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho kinh t\u1ebf VN kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y. Do v\u1eady, \u201ck\u1ef9 nguy\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00ecnh\u201d s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d l\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p \u00fd, l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb, l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf, l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc can thi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u, qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0o kinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc, khai th\u00f4ng c\u00e1c t\u1eaft ngh\u1ebdn, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n L\u00fd do l\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d l\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n V\u1edbi g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00f4i xin g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ki\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng ba th\u00e1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cKinh Nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n H\u1ed5 Kinh t\u1ebf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 M\u1ed9ng \u01b0\u1edbc Kh\u00f3 Th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d. B\u00e0i h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n B\u00e0i n\u1ea7y g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c: T\u00f3m t\u1eaft M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Th\u1eed th\u00e1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c\u201d \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf\u201d.<\/p>\n Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c TBT T\u00f4 L\u00e2m n\u00f3i trong di\u1ec5n v\u0103n t\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia H\u1ed3 ch\u00ed Minh ng\u00e0y 31-10-2024 \u201c\u0110\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 nguy\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, s\u00e1nh vai v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m ch\u00e2u\u201d (tr\u00edch \u0111\u0103ng trong T\u1eadp ch\u00ed C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n).<\/p>\n Qua c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a TBT T\u00f4 L\u00e2m v\u00e0 qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft hay t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan\u00a0 CSVN, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong hai k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch:<\/p>\n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ng\u0169 ni\u00ean 2026-2030<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Xu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n: 10%-12%\/n\u0103m. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 cao. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb 6,3-6,8%. Trung b\u00ecnh 20 n\u0103m qua VN \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t 6.5%-7%<\/p>\n Thu nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi (per capita): \u00a0\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t $8500 m\u1ef9 kim, Hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 $4.500. N\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng nam \u00c1 th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n nay VN k\u00e9m r\u1ea5t xa Singapore, Nh\u1eadt, Nam H\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan. VN ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n ch\u00fat Cambochia, L\u00e0o, v\u00e0 Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n Khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 doanh n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba (Theo Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 68\/NQ ng\u00e0y 4\/5\/2025 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb). \u0110\u1ebfn 2030 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 2 tri\u1ec7u x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 50% GDP (T\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng). V\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 20 c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u1edf chu\u1ed5i cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 2030-2045<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ebfn 2045 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 3 tri\u1ec7u x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. Khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 doanh s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 60% GDP<\/p>\n C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 s\u1ebd l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1edbi 2049 (N\u0103m CSVN n\u1eafm ch\u00e1nh quy\u1ec1n), VN s\u1ebd c\u00f3 200 c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u1edf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chu\u1ed5i cung \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2049, VN s\u1ebd v\u00e0o trong nh\u00f3m qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (delepopped countries), n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp cao, l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n Khu v\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 79 ng\u00e0y 24\/01\/2026. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ed3m: Ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh qu\u1ed1c doanh, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n V\u1ec1 tinh gi\u1ea3n B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n: Gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt 13 B\u1ed9, 500 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c B\u1ed9, 190 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng, 4 \u1ee6y ban.<\/p>\n Khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 doanh:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Qua Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 68 (4\/5\/2025) c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb, v\u1ec1 khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia. M\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay t\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 50%, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 80% lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0: C\u1ea7n t\u0103ng th\u00eam v\u1ed1n, c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, c\u1ea7n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gia t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n Khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em><\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n Qua Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 79 (24\/01\/2026) c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb, khu v\u1ef1c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c doanh<\/em>, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e0u, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u00e1nh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i s\u1eeda hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, gi\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ed7 l\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee5c kho\u00e9t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. V\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng<\/em> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c c\u1ea3i s\u1eeda hai vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng, h\u1ea7u tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi 1. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ec7 tr\u1ea1ng tham nh\u0169ng.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00eau ra, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn hay n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n (i.) S\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf<\/em><\/p>\n T\u1eeb l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u1ee9 1, VN c\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u201cKinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng XHCN\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 do, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb k\u1ec1m k\u1eb9p ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edfi kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eadp trung XHCN. V\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 5 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0 doanh, nh\u01b0ng kinh t\u1ebf nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh. L\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 t\u01b0 doanh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c doanh, b\u1ecb l\u1ed7 l\u00e3 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn t\u1eeb 50 n\u0103m qua, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd l\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i s\u1eeda t\u1ec7 tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft t\u01b0 doanh.<\/p>\n (ii) Nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1. <\/em><\/p>\n L\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ea3 hai khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0. Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00e1nh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n. Nay s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao nh\u1ee9t. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed7ng, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 lu\u1eadt th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng. Khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 th\u00ec hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n (iii) \u0110\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7<\/em><\/p>\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p XHCN. Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Cho n\u00ean l\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9nh lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb l\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1eebng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng. Nay c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u0169, b\u1edbt s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00edt b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n (iv) Tinh gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n<\/em><\/p>\n VN \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n. L\u00fd do l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tinh gi\u1ea3n nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt ph\u1ea7n chi ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 hai b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c song song l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y khuyng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n (v) T\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7<\/em><\/p>\n T\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh, ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n to l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tham nh\u0169ng kinh kh\u1ee7ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft. Nay c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3i s\u1eeda nh\u1eb1m t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn h\u01a1n cho qu\u1ed1c doanh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n (vi) Khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/em><\/p>\n M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. V\u00ec VN m\u01b0\u1ed1n trong 20 n\u0103m t\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 theo k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c cho m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp cao. V\u00e0 v\u00ec trong 30 n\u0103m h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, VN ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m gia c\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n (vii) Kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i<\/em><\/p>\n Kinh t\u1ebf VN l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u trong s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ra kh\u00e1 cao, nhi\u1ec1u tham v\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 n\u1eeda v\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c doanh, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng h\u1eefu nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eafm t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n \u0110i xa h\u01a1n, VN \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngang b\u1eb1ng 4 \u201ch\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf\u201d trong 20 n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n S\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u1ea7n 2 v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c thi. Nh\u01b0ng qua b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CS trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, qua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy bi\u1ebft th\u00eam \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 m\u01b0u t\u00ednh b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a CSVN.<\/p>\n Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf<\/em> th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1<\/em>. \u00a0\u201c\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t h\u1ed3i 1986 v\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf XHCN truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Sau 40 n\u0103m, VN \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n V\u00ec v\u1eady trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 World Bank, VN n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u1ea7n hai s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y VN\u00a0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u201c\u1ea3o v\u1ecdng ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb\u201d h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n L\u00fd do v\u00e0 m\u01b0u t\u00ednh th\u1ea7m k\u00edn v\u1ec1 \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d l\u1ea7n 2<\/em>. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n, cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. \u0110\u00f3 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201ctuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i\u201d.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n mong \u0111\u1ee3i. CSVN m\u01b0u t\u00ednh v\u1ebd ra b\u1ee9c tranh kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i xinh \u0111\u1eb9p ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u cho \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n B\u1edfi c\u00e1c l\u00fd do:<\/p>\n (i) VN kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m b\u1ecf hay c\u1ea3i s\u1eeda ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CS m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf. V\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n (ii) S\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 x\u00e0o n\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u0169, \u00a0kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 cho d\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i c\u0169 b\u1ecf \u0111i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n (iii) Khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch. Qu\u1ed1c doanh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft t\u01b0 doanh. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ea7m k\u00edn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u00eam s\u1ee9c cho khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 gi\u1eef s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho \u0111\u1ea3ng theo \u0111\u00fang nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc XHCN . Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 chia ch\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng qu\u1ef9, d\u1ec5 c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecf, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0.<\/p>\n (iv) Thich nghi m\u1edbi, b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00ec CSVN c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n (v) M\u01b0u t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 CSVN lu\u00f4n l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u00e2n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u01b0 doanh.<\/p>\n (vi) VNCS n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf ra trung th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi Trung C\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n (vii) H\u00f4 h\u00e0o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d l\u1ea7n 2, CSVN mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a VN qua giai \u0111\u1ecdan m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, th\u00edch nghi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi, v\u00ec d\u00e2n v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1edbt lo s\u1ee3\u00a0 \u201ct\u00ednh c\u00f4ng an tr\u1ecb\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi TBT T\u00f4 L\u00e2m.<\/p>\n Qua m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, qua t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d l\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y. V\u00e0 qua th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng kinh t\u1ebf, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, VN s\u1ebd ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafc c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch l\u1edbn v\u1ed1n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb l\u00e2u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u sai ph\u1ea1m, kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n (i)V\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb<\/em>. C\u00e1i khung ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 XHCN v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thay. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n (ii)V\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf<\/em> v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 c\u0169, ch\u1ec9 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u201cl\u00f2 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o\u201d, n\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129, c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n, hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng, thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n (iii)V\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf<\/em>. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n Kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn trong kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i.\u00a0 N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ki\u1ec3u n\u1ea7y lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o. T\u01b0 doanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf. Tr\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m l\u1ee3i \u00edch, h\u1ecd c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft v\u1edbi vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh t\u1ebf<\/p>\n (iv)V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf<\/em>. Khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf. Khu v\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em> n\u1eafm gi\u1eef tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3, t\u1ef1 bi\u00ean t\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tham nh\u0169ng (\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t 20% c\u00f4ng qu\u0129 b\u1ecf ra, theo WB). Trung b\u00ecnh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 20 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4\/n\u0103m. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u01a1n, n\u00ean thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 doanh<\/em> th\u00ec v\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, \u1edf trong hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u1ec3u th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda trong hai n\u0103m qua. C\u00f2n n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n (v)V\u1ec1 T\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng<\/em>. L\u00e3i xu\u1ea5t nay l\u00ean cao. T\u01b0 doanh v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n, trong l\u00fac t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn. C\u00f4ng n\u1ee3 c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. N\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c doanh chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 75% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1. Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t, d\u00f9 thu\u1ebf lu\u00f4n t\u0103ng cao. Ch\u00e1nh s\u00e1ch b\u01a1m ti\u1ec1n ra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 su\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00eau ti\u1ec1n b\u01a1m ra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01a1i t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t gia t\u0103ng, kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n (v)V\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf<\/em>. V\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ee9 hai v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, tham nh\u0169ng kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t tr\u1ecb. L\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y d\u00f9 d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 c\u0169.<\/p>\n (vi)V\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i<\/em>. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u00e1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c ngo\u1ea1i bang. Kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00e1nh y\u1ebfu s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c (FDI).\u00a0 H\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb FDI chi\u1ebfm 75% t\u1ed5ng xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng. Ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 doanh n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c doanh kh\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng s\u1edbm c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, VN l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0o TC v\u1ec1: nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng, vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, th\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, d\u1ea7u, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u1eadu d\u1ecbch M\u1ef9 Trung c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn cho VN, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, sau 40 n\u0103m kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, t\u1edbi nay h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a CSVN \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf l\u1edbn cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n Nguy\u00ean do c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d l\u1ea7n 1 v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n 2 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u (1968) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ctho\u00e1t ch\u1ebft\u201d, sau 10 n\u0103m n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf XHCN truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u201cth\u1eddi bao c\u1ea5p\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201ckinh t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u201d l\u00e0 tai h\u1ecda, kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa.<\/p>\n C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u1ea7n 2 th\u00ec nguy\u00ean do l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a 40 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tham v\u1ecdng trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c, qu\u00e1 cao xa, mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u201c\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng XHCN\u201d. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1eabn \u0111eo \u0111\u1eb3ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d.\u00a0 C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 VN c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n C\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201ch\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf\u201d.<\/p>\n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u201c\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d l\u1ea7n 2 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng VN XHCN th\u00ec kh\u00e1c, qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho s\u1ef1 ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a VN l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t bao nhi\u00eau b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng sai ph\u1ea1m c\u1ed1 \u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/p>\n Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho \u201c\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf\u201d:<\/p>\n (i) M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/em><\/p>\n Kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u00ec m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ea7y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua:<\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb<\/em>, m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng, hay gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o, ng\u1ee5y trang, nh\u01b0 trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0i to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ebf t\u1eafc kh\u00e1c. VN v\u1eabn \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169, nh\u01b0 trong di\u1ec5n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb HCM, 2024 T\u00f4 L\u00e2m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a VN l\u00e0 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/em>, khi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ecb suy t\u00e0n, l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ly t\u00e1n, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ri\u00eang t\u01b0, c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t, l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o, h\u1ed1i m\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf coi nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i \u0111au l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho VN.<\/p>\n (ii) Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c<\/em><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0o th\u00ec nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m hay \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111i sai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1edbi suy t\u01b0 theo gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u, l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c, theo l\u1ed1i m\u00f2n c\u0169, v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi tai h\u1ecda to l\u1edbn. Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 VN \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Coi vi\u1ec7c thi h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn. C\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c. Cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft tham nh\u0169ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1nh quy\u1ec1n. D\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c b\u1ecb t\u00f9, nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 tham nh\u0169ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phanh phui, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau ra. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ec7 tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf \u00e2m th\u1ea7m x\u1ea3y ra, L\u00e0m sao thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y to l\u1edbn? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n b\u1ecb s\u00f3i m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1i quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cd\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n\u201d XHCN, c\u1ea7n ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i. Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i d\u00e2n thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ee9c \u00e9p d\u00e2n. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ea5t m\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i qui chi\u1ebfu r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 quan g\u00e2y ra sai ph\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n (iii) S\u1ef1 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 <\/em><\/p>\n M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ea7n cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia. V\u00ec t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ed3m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u khan hi\u1ebfm hay c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1m, coi nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi cho, m\u00e0 ti\u00eau x\u00e0i phung ph\u00ed hay chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n t\u01b0. Nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n trau d\u1ed3i, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, trong khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 ngh\u00e8o. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n VN c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u00f4ng nam \u00c1. S\u1ef1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n, d\u1ea7u l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 tinh l\u1ecdc m\u00e0 giao h\u1ebft cho TC. S\u1ef1 ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh c\u00f4ng, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 m\u1ef9 kim g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c x\u1ea3y ra. Theo World Bank th\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t kho\u1ea3ng 20% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 chi, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 4-5 t\u1ef7\/n\u0103m.\u00a0 T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc cho vay b\u1eeba b\u00e3i, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kinh doanh, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 cao.<\/p>\n Qua nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y VN kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a VN. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai, g\u00e2y ra qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u hao h\u1ee5t, ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n (iv) Ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n C\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00ec h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p. Cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eeba b\u00e3i. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00ec \u201c\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb\u201d, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau, nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean, hay \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 \u00e2m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3, ngay t\u1eeb khi chi\u1ebfm mi\u1ec1n Nam. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Vinasin m\u1ea5t 2 t\u1ef7 m\u1ef9 kim, Vinalines m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7, nhi\u1ec1u khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecf hoang, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c khu Ph\u00fa qu\u1ed1c, V\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3n, C\u1ea7n gi\u1edd, nhi\u1ec1u khu cao \u1ed1c to l\u1edbn, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf r\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, thu\u1ed1c s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng, t\u01a1 s\u1ee3i r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb Trung c\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c t\u1ef7 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.<\/p>\n (v) Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em><\/p>\n V\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a hai b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CS l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt, v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 thu t\u00f3m g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t, chi x\u00e0i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i v\u1ea1. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t c\u1ea3. V\u00ec ch\u00e1nh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1 so v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0. \u00a0Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u1edf VN \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, b\u00ea b\u1ed1i trong kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh, m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3, th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0i ng\u0169 ni\u00ean, m\u00e0 l\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n (vi) Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf <\/em><\/p>\n Sau c\u00f9ng, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a VN l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u00ec ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf VN c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m qua ch\u00e1nh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u1edd th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a VN ho\u1eb7c thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb s\u1ee9c m\u1ebd, th\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf VN b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu ngay. Trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a VN v\u00e0 trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, th\u00ec nguy c\u01a1 suy s\u1ee5p c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf VN l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra, VN th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi TC.<\/p>\n T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u1ee9 2 n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, do y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch quan c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 quan. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 VN c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt h\u01a1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i. n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh, t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kinh t\u1ebf VN c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u1ea7n hai\u201d l\u00e0 VN hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp 4 \u201cH\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf\u201d, g\u1ed3m Singapore, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u00e0n, \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 Hong kong. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 \u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c H\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia mu\u1ed1n noi theo.<\/p>\n T\u1ed5ng quan: C\u00e1c n\u00e9t chung c\u1ee7a 4 H\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf :<\/p>\n 4 H\u1ed5 Kinh T\u1ebf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u: Nam H\u00e0n – \u0110\u00e0i Loan – Singapore v\u00e0 H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n C\u1ea3 4 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960, t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o, thu nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb $500- $900. Nh\u01b0ng sau 30 n\u0103m, kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ef1c. Su\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trung b\u00ecnh 10%, c\u00f3 l\u00fac l\u00ean 12%. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1ea7y l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng sau d\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 doanh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.\u00a0 Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau c\u00e1c H\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, thu nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean $30.000. Cho t\u1edbi 2024, thu nh\u1eadp n\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t cao, t\u1eeb $51.000 (\u0110\u00e0i loan), $56.000 (\u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0n), $82.000 (Singapore), $48.000 (Hong kong). N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a 4 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1ea7y b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho t\u1edbi nay. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u1eabn tinh th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a 4 H\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft:<\/p>\n (i) Ch\u00e1nh th\u1ec3 T\u1ef1 do D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ea3 4 h\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1<\/p>\n (ii) Vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao, c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 lu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec3n chon kh\u00f4ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c. C\u00f3 k\u1ef9 lu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam minh.<\/p>\n (iii) Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n r\u1ea5t cao. Nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n (iv) C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Ch\u00e1nh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n (iv) C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y nh\u1edd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf, th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt trong bang giao qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00ean t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c uy t\u00edn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf .<\/p>\n C\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c H\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf cho VN<\/em><\/p>\n Th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn lao vang d\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c H\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf trong 60 n\u0103m qua l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh quy\u1ec1n. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia mu\u1ed1n \u0111i theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi VN, c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m hay y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a VN XHCN.<\/p>\n T\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho VN<\/em><\/strong>:<\/p>\n (i) S\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh t\u1ebf: C\u00e1ch can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh quy\u1ec1n<\/em>. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc can thi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u01b0 doanh. Khi t\u01b0 doanh \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh can thi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. S\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb ch\u00e1nh quy\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CS.<\/p>\n (ii) V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf<\/em>: Nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, k\u1ef9 lu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n (iii) Tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n.<\/em> D\u00e2n t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i d\u00e2n tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh b\u1ea1ch. Vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ban b\u1ed1. \u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u1ea7n 2\u201d c\u1ee7a VN r\u1ea5t \u00edt hy v\u1ecdng. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eed th\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00f2n tham v\u1ecdng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201ch\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf\u201d th\u1ee9 5 sau 20 n\u0103m n\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ea3o v\u1ecdng, tr\u1eeb khi VN c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 mong \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n Cali 20\/05\/2026<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" CSVN \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o “\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf l\u1ea7n 2” v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0a Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong 20 n\u0103m. Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 L\u1ed9c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00ec sao chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i s\u1eeda n\u1eeda v\u1eddi \u2014 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":1926,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[85,103],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-issue","category-deep-dives"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":7}},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1925","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1925"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2107,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1925\/revisions\/2107"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1925"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1925"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}1.T\u00f3m L\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ee5c Ti\u00eau V\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh H\u01b0\u1edbng \u201c\u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi Kinh T\u1ebf\u201d L\u1ea7n Hai.<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
1.1 M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 Ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau \u201c\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u1ea7n 2\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
1.2. \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i <\/strong><\/h3>\n
1.3. \u00a0\u1ea8n \u00fd che d\u1ea5u ng\u1ee5y trang cho \u201c\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u1ea7n 2\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
2. Kh\u00f3 Kh\u0103n V\u00e0 Th\u1eed Th\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t Nam S\u1ebd Ph\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ed1i Di\u1ec7n <\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
\u00a02.1. C\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
2.2. Th\u1eed th\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
3. Kh\u1ea3 N\u0103ng V\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u Ki\u1ec7n Th\u00e0nh C\u00f4ng Cho “\u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi L\u1ea7n 2”<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
3.1. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d l\u1ea7n 2 <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
3.2. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 \u201cH\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/4-ho-kinh-te-300x169.png\")
<\/p>\nNguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 L\u1ed9c<\/span><\/h2>\n