{"id":1916,"date":"2026-06-18T17:49:58","date_gmt":"2026-06-18T17:49:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/?p=1916"},"modified":"2026-06-18T17:56:59","modified_gmt":"2026-06-18T17:56:59","slug":"khong-co-gi-chet-mai-mai-nothing-ever-dies-vietnam-and-the-memory-of-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/khong-co-gi-chet-mai-mai-nothing-ever-dies-vietnam-and-the-memory-of-war\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u00f4ng C\u00f3 G\u00ec Ch\u1ebft M\u00e3i M\u00e3i – Nothing Ever Dies: Vietnam and the Memory of War"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nothing Ever Dies: Vietnam and the Memory of War<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

Viet Thanh Nguyen | <\/strong>Harvard University Press, 2016 | 374 pages<\/span><\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

I. Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u T\u1ed5ng Quan<\/span><\/h2>\n

“Nothing Ever Dies: Vietnam and the Memory of War”<\/em><\/strong> (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: Kh\u00f4ng C\u00f3 G\u00ec Ch\u1ebft M\u00e3i M\u00e3i: Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 K\u00fd \u1ee8c Chi\u1ebfn Tranh<\/em>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Viet Thanh Nguyen, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t sinh ra \u1edf Ban M\u00ea Thu\u1ed9t, l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Southern California. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2016 b\u1edfi Harvard University Press v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed gi\u1ea3i Pulitzer cho th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i L\u1ecbch s\u1eed, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u tay c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, The Sympathizer<\/em>, \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Pulitzer cho V\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u (fiction).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, Viet Thanh Nguyen \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n: Ai c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n nh\u1edb? Ai c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n qu\u00ean? K\u00fd \u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec, ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh hay ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u00e2y th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5n? Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 suy ng\u1eabm to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1eabn k\u1ebb b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn, c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd \u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

II. T\u00f3m T\u1eaft N\u1ed9i Dung<\/span><\/h2>\n

A. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn<\/h3>\n

Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh, xen k\u1ebd gi\u1eefa l\u00fd lu\u1eadn h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 M\u1ef9. Viet Thanh Nguyen s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t khung l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u00fd \u1ee9c (memory studies), l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft h\u1eadu th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n (postcolonial theory) v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed5 x\u1ebb c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng “k\u00fd \u1ee9c t\u1ed1t” v\u00e0 “k\u00fd \u1ee9c x\u1ea5u”.<\/p>\n

B. Ba th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ba k\u00fd \u1ee9c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Cu\u1ed9c Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9” trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ri\u00eang trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh k\u00fd \u1ee9c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n (Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \/ M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam): <\/strong>H\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u00fd \u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t “cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c” anh h\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 tay sai. Sau n\u0103m 1975, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n h\u00f3a k\u00fd \u1ee9c n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m, s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/li>\n
  2. Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a (Mi\u1ec1n Nam): <\/strong>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 Nguyen d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thua tr\u1eadn, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd. K\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb x\u00f3a s\u1ed5 trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u01b0u vong (diaspora) \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. Viet Thanh Nguyen, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb thua cu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p nh\u1edb tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
  3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9: <\/strong>Hollywood, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng bi k\u1ecbch, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn “t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7”. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n ph\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    C. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p K\u00fd \u1ee9c” (The Memory Industry)<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nguyen l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 “c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p k\u00fd \u1ee9c”, c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u00f3a, du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch Chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, \u0110\u00e0i T\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m C\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf Washington D.C., c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 phim Hollywood nh\u01b0 “Apocalypse Now” hay “Full Metal Jacket” – t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p k\u00fd \u1ee9c n\u00e0y – v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

    III. Lu\u1eadn \u0110i\u1ec3m Trung T\u00e2m<\/span><\/h2>\n

    Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00e2m m\u00e0 Viet Thanh Nguyen l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c – m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 k\u00fd \u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edb “ph\u00eda ta” m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a “ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ecbch”?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00d4ng g\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 k\u00fd \u1ee9c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng” (just memory)<\/em> hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “k\u00fd \u1ee9c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o”, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi “k\u00fd \u1ee9c nh\u00f3m” (identity memory) v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 “k\u00fd \u1ee9c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb” (dominant memory) v\u1ed1n x\u00f3a b\u1ecf k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m thua cu\u1ed9c hay thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

    Viet Thanh Nguyen l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh “k\u00fd \u1ee9c nh\u00f3m” m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i “k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng”. C\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 qu\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1 \u00fd ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh chung c\u1ee7a k\u00fd \u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed5 x\u1ebb c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    IV. Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch C\u00e1c Ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ec1 Ch\u00ednh<\/span><\/h2>\n

    A. K\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0 Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/h3>\n

    Viet Thanh Nguyen ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi gi\u1eefa k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. K\u1ebb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd \u1ee9c ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd: t\u00f4n vinh nh\u1eefng li\u1ec7t s\u0129 “ph\u00eda ta”, im l\u1eb7ng ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a binh s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra trong chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/p>\n

    B. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 “V\u1eadt th\u1ec3” trong K\u00fd \u1ee9c M\u1ef9<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n s\u1eafc b\u00e9n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 k\u00fd \u1ee9c h\u00f3a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u1ea3 B\u1eafc l\u1eabn Nam,\u00a0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9: h\u1ecd \u0111au kh\u1ed5, h\u1ecd m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m, h\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi sang ch\u1ea5n t\u00e2m l\u00fd. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, th\u00ec sao?<\/p>\n

    C. N\u1ed7i \u0110au c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thua Cu\u1ed9c: C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng L\u01b0u vong v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch. Viet Thanh Nguyen, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf M\u1ef9, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i: h\u1ecd mang k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang, m\u1ed9t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc. Nh\u01b0ng k\u00fd \u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng “k\u00fd \u1ee9c nh\u00f3m” h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i – ch\u1ec9 t\u00f4n vinh “ph\u00eda m\u00ecnh” m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

    D. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a K\u00fd \u1ee9c: V\u1eeba Nh\u1edb v\u1eeba Th\u1eeba Nh\u1eadn<\/h3>\n

    Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “qu\u00ean \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i” – \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u01a1n: ph\u1ea3i v\u1eeba nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a “ph\u00eda ta” v\u1eeba th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng che gi\u1ea5u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a, nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i \u0111au m\u00e0 “ph\u00eda ta” \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t “k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng” – th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

    V. \u0110i\u1ec3m M\u1ea1nh C\u1ee7a Cu\u1ed1n S\u00e1ch<\/span><\/h2>\n

    S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3. Viet Thanh Nguyen kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u00eda n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 M\u1ef9, c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t, hay c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n m\u00e0 \u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1. \u00d4ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c: Li\u1ec7u k\u00fd \u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

    V\u0103n phong c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc \u1edf ch\u1ed7 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u00f4ng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a trang, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n – nay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Seoul v\u00e0 Washington D.C. \u0111\u1ec1u mang m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc l\u1eabn c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh so s\u00e1nh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf – \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c – gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng “b\u1ec7nh k\u00fd \u1ee9c nh\u00f3m” kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam hay M\u1ef9, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i qua chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/p>\n

    VI. \u0110i\u1ec3m H\u1ea1n Ch\u1ebf V\u00e0 Ph\u00ea B\u00ecnh<\/span><\/h2>\n

    Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f4i khi tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng” – d\u00f9 mang t\u00ednh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cao – v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

    Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Viet Thanh Nguyen tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m h\u01a1n – \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi khi\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay.<\/p>\n

    VII. \u00dd Ngh\u0129a V\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span><\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, d\u00f9 \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc hay h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang nh\u1edb cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? K\u00fd \u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho ai? V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ai trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 “ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia”?<\/p>\n

    V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd \u1ee9c ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u00edt kh\u00f4ng gian cho k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a binh s\u0129 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. V\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang: k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0m m\u1edd \u0111i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed?<\/p>\n

    “Nothing Ever Dies” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi l\u1ee3i \u00edch phe nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n

    VIII. K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn V\u00e0 \u0110\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1<\/span><\/h2>\n

    “Nothing Ever Dies” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec n\u00f3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, m\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00f3. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

    Viet Thanh Nguyen kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i ai hay \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh ai. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0nh, li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 k\u00fd \u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u0111au th\u00e0nh v\u0169 kh\u00ed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9?<\/p>\n

    C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, Viet ThanhNguyen th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecf ng\u1ecf. Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c d\u00e1m \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1: \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u00a0 (5\/5)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    S\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, k\u00fd \u1ee9c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn.<\/em><\/p>\n

    BBT \u0110i\u1ec3m S\u00e1ch 1975 Magazine<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2026<\/p>\n

     <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    “Nothing Ever Dies” c\u1ee7a Viet Thanh Nguyen kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2014 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: ai c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n nh\u1edb, ai c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n qu\u00ean, v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 k\u00fd \u1ee9c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o? \u0110i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a BBT 1975 Magazine.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":1920,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[89,85],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1916","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reviews","category-current-issue"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1916","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1916"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1916\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2048,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1916\/revisions\/2048"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1920"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1916"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1916"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1975mag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1916"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}